This article offers an explanation for the failures of US military assistance programs in some countries. It is committed to no methodological orthodoxy over and above the normal canons of scholarship: clear and consistent use of words, logical and mathematical validity, and the use of appropriate evidence to substantiate empirical statements. Using survey data from Canada, Finland, Germany and the United Kingdom, this article shows that deterioration of centrist parties’ valence image is followed by a collapse of their vote shares. Threat of harm has the largest positive effect on perceptions of violence and support for repression. Despite extensive research on how the media affects public opinion, including studies that show how exposure to certain information can increase support of LGBTQs, there is virtually no research on how the media influences attitudes towards LGBTQs across Africa. The findings indicate that only lethal cyber terrorism triggers strong support for retaliation. Riot police and military forces dispersed the protesters using clubs and water cannons, and several opposition politicians were beaten. The Brian Barry Prize in Political Science, Find out more about sending to your Kindle, Railroads and Reform: How Trains Strengthened the Nation State, Elite Communication and the Popular Legitimacy of International Organizations – CORRIGENDUM, Immigrant Political Representation and Local Ethnic Concentration: Evidence from a Swedish Refugee Placement Program, The Diminishing Value of Representing the Disadvantaged: Between Group Representation and Individual Career Paths, Learning at Home and Abroad: How Competition Conditions the Diffusion of Party Strategies, Who Gets What: The Economy, Relative Gains and Brexit, Can Elites Escape Blame by Explaining Themselves? Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection. Using survey experiments in Israel and the United States, the study finds support for framing effects. Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection. You are leaving Cambridge Core and will be taken to this journal's article submission site. This article proposes a new statistical method to measure persuasion within small groups, and applies this approach to a large-scale randomized deliberative experiment. Are they successful in the long run? Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Yet, this scholarship has largely ignored the 1 in 5 people who are disabled and experience economic, social and political marginalization. These findings speak to why Middle Eastern and Central Asian cities – which had long benefited from their central location between Europe and Asia – declined as Europeans found alternative routes to the East and opened trade opportunities in the New World. Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. According to Libertarian Paternalists, these facts justify governments nudging people towards better choices through changes to the so-called choice architecture. The study exploits the fact that two-voter households moving in together right before an election are comparable to those moving in together right after the election. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Their method separately measures persuasion in a latent (left–right) preference space and in a topic-specific preference space. Using fine-grained data on local education outcomes in Sweden in the nineteenth century, the paper tests the idea that the development of the railroad network enabled national school inspectors to monitor remote schools more effectively. Democracies without democrats are not sustainable. Models 1, 3 and 5 include respondent fixed effects, while Models 2, 4 and 6 include municipality fixed effects and a set of individual-level controls (gender, age, income and education level). Secondly, a quasi-experiment demonstrated that assimilationists who were interviewed after Wilders' conviction indicated less support than those who were interviewed before the verdict and compared to a pre-test. Furthermore, high levels of state control correlate with subtle strategies of manipulation, including media bias and restrictions on domestic monitors – strategies that are also positively associated with large victories. The findings show that citizens of consolidated democracies continue to endorse self-governance. Local officials may be tempted to weaken horizontal institutions so that the projects can be implemented quickly. Yet in some (but not all) countries, there is evidence of a growing number of ‘democrats in name only’, particularly among the young generation. The author argues that one specific aspect of state capacity – control over territory through the state apparatus – helps autocrats ensure large majority electoral victories. Secondly, it demonstrates that the magnitude of this electoral punishment is contingent on the economic and political context: in instances of rising unemployment, the involvement of external creditors and high protest intensity, the cumulative impact of austerity on government popularity becomes considerable. How does the framing of immigration influence support for the welfare state? With cyber terrorism a mounting international concern, this study demonstrates how exposure to this threat can generate strong public support for retaliatory policies, depending on the lethality of the attack. First, the study shows that, on average, austerity packages hurt incumbent parties in opinion polls. These findings suggest a political logic behind these reforms based on the preferences and power of political parties and politicians. By what psychological mechanism does it do so? The British Journal of Politics and International Relations requests all authors submitting any primary data used in their research articles [“alongside their article submissions” or “if the articles are accepted”] to be published in the online version of the journal, or provide detailed information in their articles on how the data can be obtained. The Brian Barry Prize in Political Science, Find out more about sending to your Kindle, The Political Legacy of Violence During China's Cultural Revolution, Violence on Many Sides: Framing Effects on Protest and Support for Repression, Military Aid, Regime Vulnerability and the Escalation of Political Violence, Ruling Parties in Authoritarian Regimes: Rethinking Institutional Strength, How State Capacity Helps Autocrats win Elections, Don't Call It a Comeback: Autocratic Ruling Parties After Democratization, Principled or Pragmatic? Comparative analyses of party policy diffusion are only just emerging. Using a unique dataset based on thirty-four ballot decisions in Switzerland, it explores the justifications voters give for their ballot decisions in open-ended survey answers. The findings link contentious action and public opinion, and demonstrate the susceptibility of this link to framing. Our recommendations challenge dominant liberal-democratic frameworks by emphasizing variation across the (1) objects of tolerance; (2) possible responses to difference; and (3) sources of tolerance. 4 In the end, despite an international and domestic backlash against the regime, the incumbent remained in power. The study provides ground-breaking insights into the role of disability in policy preferences and political representation while also highlighting broader implications of how the descriptive–substantive representation link is analysed. These results imply that elected officials enjoy less leeway for their actions than existing work allows, and highlight important tensions concerning the relationship between elite behavior and accountability processes. Three competing explanations have emerged in studies of the US Congress, focusing on efficiency, partisan forces and non-partisan (or: ideology-based) accounts. The study demonstrates the diminishing value of representing the disadvantaged across different types of MPs. Potentially driving these partisan differences, Republican leaders are especially likely to believe that extremists can win general elections and overestimate the electorate's conservatism by double digits. Do Disabled Candidates Represent Disabled Citizens? Using proxies for regime vulnerability and an instrument for US military aid, the study shows that military aid increases anti-regime violence in new regimes (particularly new democracies) and in all personalist regimes. The main empirical contributions are twofold. Although past studies have provided evidence of transnational emulation of parties' position-taking strategies, these findings do not directly apply to saliency strategies. The results, which are robust to prior referendum vote, immigration attitudes and cultural sentiment, extend across income groups and national identity strength. Finally, the article examines a municipal reform in Denmark that assigned some voters to new local incumbents and finds that these voters responded more strongly to the local economy. Power consolidation by an insecure leader often provokes violent opposition. That is, empirical evidence suggests that most parties do not converge to the median voter's position, despite the centripetal force of the voters’ preference distribution. Such policies can be justified, and challenged, on many different grounds; public debate is not conducted in terms adequate to the task. Whether citizens are better represented by politicians ‘like them’ has been the subject of much debate and analysis. Note: the response variables are indicators of political interest, interest in the election outcome and political knowledge. Holding elected officials accountable for their behavior in office is a foundational task facing citizens. Using fine-grained geographic data on ethnic demographics, the study finds support for the argument's implications in the local incidence of infant mortality. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. A large literature claims that such policies are surprisingly popular and have few electoral costs. The effect of positive framing is considerably weaker and does not strengthen welfare support in any of the three countries. This article argues that preference architecture constitutes a fundamental challenge to the justificatory basis of Libertarian Paternalism. At the same time, the views of disabled citizens are rarely more congruent with the positions of disabled candidates than those of non-disabled candidates, except on healthcare spending. Legislators who share descriptive features with disadvantaged groups do not necessarily represent their group interests. This article explores the importance of historical Muslim trade in explaining urban growth and decline in the run-up to the Industrial Revolution. These group-specific efforts are replaced by other legislative activities at later stages of their careers. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. Political scientists often distinguish between two types of issues: moral versus non-moral issues or social-cultural versus economic issues. This article presents a normative framework for the assessment of education policies and applies it to the issue of schools’ selecting their students on the basis of religious criteria. This article demonstrates that strong ruling parties are much rarer than is typically assumed. The analysis shows that principled justifications are not tied to particular issues. It further demonstrates that this occurs even when the counter-explanation comes from a partisan source with low credibility. Political leaders across Africa frequently accuse the media of promoting homosexuality, while activists often use the media to promote pro-LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) narratives. Through a series of controlled, randomized experiments, this study exposed respondents (n = 2,028) to television news reports depicting cyber and conventional terror attacks against critical infrastructures in the United States, United Kingdom and Israel. British Journal of Political Science 11 (2), 129 – 161. The author addresses this question by examining parliamentary debates in the UK House of Commons. While Libertarian Paternalism cannot provide a satisfactory answer, the author defends a contractualist account of paternalism based on a notion of primary goods and democratic deliberation. Finally, the author creates a new dataset on the significance of constitutional amendments and estimates the appropriate (heteroskedastic) model, which corroborates the theoretical expectations and demonstrates that more significant amendments lead to a better fit. By contrast, the parochial interests of local and religious authorities continued to dominate in remote areas school inspectors could not reach by train. These findings highlight the dilemma that authoritarian rulers face when they seek to consolidate their rule through repression. Depending on the model specification, turnout increases by 3.5 to 10.6 percentage points in the months after taking up cohabitation. In recent years centrist-liberal parties, such as the German Free Democratic Party (FDP) in 2013 and the British Liberal Democrats in 2015 and 2017, suffered enormous electoral defeats. Find out more about sending content to . Beyond the still-prevailing domestic context, ‘learning from cultural reference groups’ in a region is most important. They have major implications for the study of institutional design and coalition politics. British Journal of Political Science. It discusses whether and how (1) migration may be a cause of terrorism, (2) terrorism may influence natives' attitudes towards immigration and their electoral preferences and (3) terrorism may lead to more restrictive migration policies and how these in turn may serve as effective counter-terrorism tools. Journal info (provided by editor) The editor of British Journal of Political Science has not yet provided information for this page. The article evaluates this proposition by studying the long-term effects of state terror during China's Cultural Revolution. 4 Magleby (1984), p. 198, quoted in Matsusaka 2005. These findings suggest a second phase in research on democratic fatigue that broadens the analytical scope for the multi-faceted nature of democratic support. Secondly, using individual-level data from sixty election surveys covering ten countries, the article shows that voters' perceptions of the economy have a greater impact on government support when the government is inexperienced. Autocrats use repression to deter opposition. More generally, it explores when, if ever, government paternalism that influences preference formation can be justified. The implications of relative group-based economics are important for understanding Brexit and the economic sources of support for populism more broadly. (2016, 2018), and to apply the proposed framework to issues of school composition and selection. Furthermore, right-wing voters more often argue in pragmatic terms. … on various measures of political sophistication and civic engagement, such as voter turnout,8 3 Altman 2010; Qvortrup 2014; Schiller 2011. Published online by Cambridge University Press. The British Journal of Political Science is an independent journal, whose policy is set by its editorial team with the approval of its editorial board. Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches". British Journal of Political Science. The results have important implications, especially given the growing politicization of same-sex relations and changing media consumption habits across Africa. Yet while state repression has created anti-regime attitudes, it has decreased citizens’ contentious behavior. It then explains why the lack of constitutional rigidity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for significant constitutional amendments in democratic countries. Open access journal - British Journal of Political Science - Cristina Bodea, Paul Bou-Habib, Shaun Bowler, Tobias Böhmelt, Robert Johns, Lucas Leemann, René Lindstädt, Petra Schleiter Find out more about sending to your Kindle. We randomly assigned reporters to be recruited by community nomination and to be recognized by community leaders in an attempt to select for and motivate information sharing. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. Whereas extant theories emphasize radical reinvention and outsider struggle, the author argues that success is instead about maintaining ruling-party advantages into the democratic period. However, because military aid strengthens the security forces of the recipient state, it generates a moral hazard that encourages exclusionary power consolidation, with the expectation that continued military aid will help manage violent blowback. In experiments, they find that local party leaders most prefer nominating candidates who are similar to typical co-partisans, not centrists. Differently from other parties, centrist parties cannot alter their policy platforms to compensate for their deteriorated valence image. These anti-regime attitudes are more likely to be passed down to the younger generation if family members discuss politics frequently than if they do not. They test this argument using data from an original survey of 1,118 county-level party leaders. What effect does this have on democratic survival? Does the importance of the economy change during a government's time in office? If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. They argue, further, that policies allowing schools to select all their students on the basis of their parents’ religious affiliation cannot be justified. It analyses the effects of disability on both preferences and preference congruence. This article has benefited enormously from comments received from Robert Adcock, Ben Bishin, Fred Chernoff, Michael To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Surprisingly, social out-groups are not perceived as more violent, but respondents favor repressing them anyway. Description: The British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. Recent studies of ethnic favoritism find that presidents' ethnic peers and home regions enjoy advantages, yet cannot disentangle whether goods are provided to entire regions or co-ethnic individuals. By distinguishing between vertical and horizontal dimensions of political accountability, the study finds that China's resource-related projects are particularly detrimental to the accountability of recipient countries' horizontal (legislative and judicial) institutions. Voters use both types of justifications almost equally frequently. This article argues that portfolio design is a substantively and theoretically relevant phenomenon that has major implications for the study of institutional design and coalition politics. Specifically, they show that portfolios are changed frequently (on average about once a year) and that such shifts are more likely after changes in the prime ministership or the party composition of the government. To send this article to your account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. British Journal of Political Science | Citations: 1,407 | British Journal of Political Science is a broadly based journal aiming to cover developments across a wide range of countries and specialisms. It finds that there is little room for cross-border diffusion as successful parties stick to their old program. People often fail to make the choices that best satisfy their preferences. Some scholars have argued that political party leaders tend to support centrist candidates in the hopes of winning general elections. Three research designs were combined to investigate the case of Dutch politician Geert Wilders, who was convicted for hate speech against minorities in 2016. Review this journal Show reviews. Scholars agree that understanding the morality of voters’ political attitudes has implications for their political behaviour, such as their willingness to compromise and openness to deliberation. High-capacity rulers can rely on local agents and institutions to subtly manipulate elections, for instance by controlling the media or inhibiting the work of domestic election monitors throughout the territory while staying clear of costly manipulation such as election violence. However, responsiveness boosted participation over several months for reporters who had been recruited earliest and had been reporting longest, highlighting the critical role of timely government responsiveness in sustaining information flows from citizens. The authors define the construct of ‘persuasion’ as a change in the systematic component of an individual's preference, separate from measurement error, that results from exposure to interpersonal interaction. Using a global sample of dictatorships from 1946–2008, the author shows that most ruling parties are unable to survive the death or departure of the founding leader. These findings extend to the cyber realm a recent trend that views anger as a primary mechanism linking exposure to terrorism with militant preferences. When autocratic ruling parties accede to democratization, they do not always fade away into history. We then illustrate the promise of our recommendations with three theoretically informed experiments inspired by historical debates about religious conversion. 3 James Davison Hunter, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America (New York: Basic Books, It distinguishes between pragmatic (or consequentialist) arguments and principled (or value-based) arguments. Find out more about sending content to . In two field experiments, we studied potential remedies to this dilemma related to solid waste services in Uganda. It starts by explaining the underlying logic of the veto players approach and describing the specific derivation of the rules for the construction of the rigidity index, which aggregates all institutional provisions in a logically consistent way. The proposed theory gives rise to different expectations at the domestic and transnational levels because of the distinct logic of issue competition. The author argues that state repression can have long-lasting alienating effects on citizens’ political attitudes and coercive effects on their political behavior. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. The success of protests depends on whether they favorably affect public opinion: nonviolent resistance can win public support for a movement, but regimes counter by framing protest as violent and instigated by outsiders. International Scientific Journal & Country Ranking. In contrast, the authors argue that many local party leaders – especially Republicans – may not believe that centrists perform better in elections and therefore may not support nominating them. To better understand the conditions under which diffusion occurs, this article argues that three heuristics – availability, representativeness and anchoring – shape parties' efforts to gather information (from elsewhere), leading to differing diffusion effects. The British Journal of Political Science is an independent journal, whose policy is set by its editorial team with the approval of its editorial board. Does enhanced descriptive representation lead to substantive representation? The authors find support for the theory that the electorate responds as reasonable agents when determining how closely to monitor elected officials: interest is positively related to decreases in trust in government. Likewise, in open-ended questions, Democratic Party leaders are twice as likely to say they look for extreme candidates relative to centrists; Republican Party leaders are five times as likely. the Bureau-Shaping Model', British Journal of Political Science, 30 (2000), 461-82 (hereafter MSR). We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. During the Great Recession, governments across the continent implemented austerity policies. Constitutional amendment rules have traditionally been considered the most important part of a constitution. Moral justifications are more likely when an issue is personally relevant, as well as when a proposition is accepted, while pragmatic justifications prevail when a proposition is rejected. The results are inconsistent with the ‘law of small-group polarization’, the typical result found in small-group research; instead, the authors observe patterns of latent and policy-specific persuasion consistent with the aspirations of deliberation. Using time-series analysis, this permits the careful tracking of the impact of austerity packages over time. You are leaving Cambridge Core and will be taken to this journal's article submission site. The authors’ main objectives are to supplement with non-consequentialist considerations a recent, consequentialist, approach to the normative assessment of education policy proposed by Brighouse et al. This is true even of many ruling parties that have been coded as leading single-party regimes. An additional problem arises because Japanese electoral politics is heavily person- or candidate-centred (cf. In the context of a difference-in-differences design that exploits over-time variation in the gender of cabinet ministers, the article demonstrates that female ministers substantially increase the participation of other female MPs in relevant debates, compared to when the minister is male. The research demonstrates the benefits of greater dialogue across political theory and political science, while shedding light on a central question of tolerance today. It also uses a measure of debate influence, based on the degree to which words used by one legislator are adopted by other members, to show that female ministers also increase the influence of female backbenchers. However, voters also accumulate information about governments' competence over time. An interested and engaged electorate is widely believed to be an indicator of democratic health. The paper argues for a causal interpretation of these findings, which are robust for the share of children in permanent schools and suggestive for the content of the curriculum. Cambridge Core - British Journal of Political Science - Volume 51 - Issue 1.
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